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生物通報道:來自中科院上海生命科學研究院計算生物學所,復旦大學,哈佛醫(yī)學院的研究人員發(fā)表了題為“A Map of Copy Number Variations in Chinese Populations”的文章,公布了首張包括中國漢族和少數(shù)民族在內(nèi)的拷貝數(shù)變異圖譜,為研究中國人群的基因組多樣性、群體分化和環(huán)境適應以及復雜性狀基因定位提供了新的視角和數(shù)據(jù)信息參考。相關(guān)成果公布在PLoS ONE在線版上。
文章的通訊作者是計算生物學所徐書華研究員,以及復旦大學金力教授,文章*作者是博士生樓海一。其中金力教授早年畢業(yè)于復旦大學遺傳學專業(yè),后獲得德克薩斯大學博士學位,2001年成為美國辛辛那提大學醫(yī)學院教授(終身教職)。2007年起任復旦大學副校長,主要研究方向是醫(yī)學遺傳學及遺傳流行病學、人類群體遺傳學和計算生物學。
拷貝數(shù)變異(Copy Number Variation,CNV)是近幾年人類基因組和遺傳學領域研究的熱點。到目前為止,對中國人群的拷貝數(shù)變異研究,正如幾乎所有的全基因組關(guān)聯(lián)研究(GWAS)都在漢族人中進行一樣,無論是大型合作計劃還是國內(nèi)獨立開展的工作多集中在漢族人群。
然而,一方面,中國人群的遺傳多樣性絕大部分存在于少數(shù)民族人群中,另一方面,對于基因功能和表型拷貝數(shù)變異的相對其他變異如單核苷酸多態(tài)的效應要大得多,但是其頻率也較低,以至于在全基因組尋找與特定表型或疾病關(guān)聯(lián)的拷貝數(shù)變異往往需要參考數(shù)據(jù)庫。
在這篇文章中,研究人員利用Affymetrix芯片技術(shù),通過近1百萬個拷貝數(shù)變異探針的信息,在中國漢族、藏族、侗族、瑤族、壯族、黎族群體樣本中檢測了全基因組范圍的拷貝數(shù)變異;并系統(tǒng)比較和分析了少數(shù)民族和漢族以及中國人群與世界其他大洲人群的基因組多樣性和群體差異。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)少數(shù)民族人群與漢族人群不共享的拷貝數(shù)變異區(qū)域多達35%;與歐洲人群的研究結(jié)果相比,標簽拷貝數(shù)變異(tag CNV)在中國人群之間的可移植性要低很多,提示全面研究中國人群拷貝數(shù)變異的必要性。進一步的研究表明,群體特異性的拷貝數(shù)變異可能與人群對其特定生存環(huán)境的*適應有關(guān)。
這項研究工作得到了國家自然科學基金委、上海市科委、*、德國馬普學會、香港王寬誠教育基金會等多項基金的資助。
金立教授研究組還在同樣的期刊上公布了農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的新假說,他們提出東亞人群的擴張造成的食物需求可能是農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)生的主要動因,而農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展進一步推動了人群的繼續(xù)擴張。
農(nóng)業(yè)起源是人類發(fā)展歷史中zui重大的變革之一,為人類文明的誕生和現(xiàn)代社會的形成奠定了物質(zhì)基礎,是學術(shù)界*關(guān)注的三大“起源”問題之一。這項研究通過對一個隨機采取的樣本、共367個個體的線粒體全基因組進行了分析,其中包括249個中國人和118個日本人。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),除了兩個日本*的支系外,所有的東亞人群中的主要支系均在13000年前發(fā)生了擴張,這個時間明顯早于一般認為的農(nóng)業(yè)起源時間。東亞地區(qū)人群的擴張,顯然早于農(nóng)業(yè)文明。
(生物通:萬紋)
原文摘要:
A Map of Copy Number Variations in Chinese Populations
It has been shown that the human genome contains extensive copy number variations (CNVs). Investigating the medical and evolutionary impacts of CNVs requires the knowledge of locations, sizes and frequency distribution of them within and between populations. However, CNV study of Chinese minorities, which harbor the majority of genetic diversity of Chinese populations, has been underrepresented considering the same efforts in other populations. Here we constructed, to our knowledge, a first CNV map in seven Chinese populations representing the major linguistic groups in China with 1,440 CNV regions identified using Affymetrix SNP 6.0 Array. Considerable differences in distributions of CNV regions between populations and substantial population structures were observed. We showed that ~35% of CNV regions identified in minority ethnic groups are not shared by Han Chinese population, indicating that the contribution of the minorities to genetic architecture of Chinese population could not be ignored. We further identified highly differentiated CNV regions between populations. For example, a common deletion in Dong and Zhuang (44.4% and 50%), which overlaps two keratin-associated protein genes contributing to the structure of hair fibers, was not observed in Han Chinese. Interestingly, the most differentiated CNV deletion between HapMap CEU and YRI containing CCL3L1 gene reported in previous studies was also the highest differentiated regions between Tibetan and other populations. Besides, by jointly analyzing CNVs and SNPs, we found a CNV region containing gene CTDSPL were in almost perfect linkage disequilibrium between flanking SNPs in Tibetan while not in other populations except HapMap CHD. Furthermore, we found the SNP taggability of CNVs in Chinese populations was much lower than that in European populations. Our results suggest the necessity of a full characterization of CNVs in Chinese populations, and the CNV map we constructed serves as a useful resource in further evolutionary and medical studies.
來源:生物通
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